===== PRONOUNS =====

^ [i]SUBJECT[/i] <sup>[b](1)[/b]</sup> ^^ [i]OBJECT[/i] <sup>[b](1)[/b]</sup> ^^ [i]POSSESSIVE (adj. and pron.)[/i] <sup>[b](2)[/b]</sup> ^^
| [b]mi[/b] | I | [b]me[/b] | me | [b]ma[/b] | my; mine |
| [b]tu[/b] <sup>[b](3)[/b]</sup> | you; thou | [b]te[/b] | you | [b]ta[/b] | your; yours |
| [b]il[/b] | he | [b]le[/b] | him | [b]la[/b] | his |
| [b]el[/b] | she | [b]le[/b], [b]ley[/b] | her | [b]la[/b] | her; hers |
| [b]it[/b] | it | [b]le[/b], [b]it[/b] | it | [b]la[/b] | its |
| [b]so[/b] | one | [b]se[/b] | oneself | [b]sa[/b] | his; one’s |
| [b]nos[/b] | we | [b]ne[/b] | us | [b]na[/b] | our; ours |
| [b]vu[/b] <sup>[b](3)[/b]</sup> | you | [b]ve[/b] | you | [b]va[/b] | your; yours |
| [b]zi[/b] | they | [b]ze[/b] | them | [b]za[/b] | their; theirs |
| [b]zel[/b] | they ([i]fem.[/i]) | [b]ze[/b], [b]zey[/b] | them ([i]fem.[/i]) |  |  |

<sup>[b](1)[/b]</sup> [b]IMPORTANT[/b]. After a preposition, the pronoun has always the “subject” form: [b]venar tu kon nos?[/b] are you coming with us? [b]mi exar kon il[/b] I go out with him;

For the indirect object pronoun, you may also say: [b]a mi, a tu, a il[/b] and so on (to me, to you, to him); in the [u]third[/u] person, you may also replace [b]le[/b] by [b]lu[/b] ([i]fem.[/i] [b]luy[/b]) and [b]ze[/b] by [b]zu[/b] ([i]fem.[/i] [b]zuy[/b]), (only for indirect object);

When, in the same sentence, you have two object pronouns, the one direct and the other one indirect, the indirect one is placed first: [b]mi te it vendar[/b] I sell it to you; [b]nos ve le prezentor[/b] we shall introduce him to you; [b]nos le[/b] ([b]lu[/b]) [b]ve prezentor[/b] we shall introduce you to him.

<sup>[b](2)[/b]</sup> Examples: [b]ma dom[/b], [b]ma domos[/b] my house, my houses; possessive pronouns end with [b]s[/b] in the plural: [b]lo ma[/b] mine; [b]lo mas[/b] mine (plural);

There exists also a “rich” possessive, more expressive: [b]mia[/b], [b]tua[/b], [b]ila[/b], [b]ela[/b], [b]ita[/b], [b]soa[/b], [b]nosa[/b], [b]vua[/b], [b]zia[/b], [b]zela[/b]:\\
[b]nosas plu shira qam vuas[/b] ours are more expensive than yours\\
This “rich” possessive usually follows the name to which it refers and adds emphasis:\\
[b]Patrio mia![/b] My fatherland (mine)! [b]Patro nosa![/b] Our Father (ours)!

<sup>[b](3)[/b]</sup> Several Neists suggest using [b]tu[/b] when addressing a single person and [b]vu[/b] when addressing two persons or more, as was normal practice in Latin.

==== SOME OTHER PRONOUNS ====

| [b]lo[/b] |  | what | [b]lo ki me plar[/b] | what appeals to me |
| ::: | ::: | ::: | [b]lo ke mi var i[/b] | what I want to have |
| [b]ko[/b] |  | what | [b]ko oxar?[/b] | what happens? |
| ::: | [i]object[/i]\\ [b]ke[/b] | what | [b]ke var tu?[/b] | what do you want? |
| ::: | ::: | ::: | [b]ke par mi fi po vu?[/b] | what can I do for you? |
| [b]ki[/b] |  | who | [b]ki venar?[/b] | who is coming? |
| ::: | [i]object[/i]\\ [b]ken[/b] | who (whom) | [b]ken vidar vu?[/b] | whom do you see? |
| ::: | [i]possessive[/i]\\ [b]kia[/b] | whose | [b]kia et lap?[/b] | whose is this pencil? |
| [b]ki[/b]<sup>[b](1)[/b]</sup> |  | who | [b]lo vir ki venar[/b] | the man who is coming |
| ::: | [i]object[/i]\\ [b]ke[/b]<sup>[b](1)[/b]</sup> | who (whom) | [b]lo vir ke tu vidar[/b] | the man (whom) you see |

<sup>[b](1)[/b]</sup> relative pronoun 


Animals can be “[b]he[/b], [b]she[/b] or [b]it[/b]”, as in English. When, in the same sentence, or in the same narrative, you have two pronouns, the one relating to a human being, and the other one to an animal, it is suggested, in order to avoid confusion, to use [b]il[/b] (or [b]el[/b]) for the human being, and [b]it[/b] for the animal.


==== POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES as PREFIXES ====

[i]POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES[/i] [b]ma-[/b], [b]ta-[/b], [b]la-[/b], [b]el[/b]([b]a[/b])[b]-[/b], [b]sa-[/b] [b]na-[/b], [b]va-[/b], [b]za-[/b], [b]zel[/b]([b]a[/b])[b]-[/b] are frequently used as [i]PREFIXES[/i]:

<WRAP column 55%>
| [b]maopine[/b] | in my opinion |
| [b]vadomye[/b] | in your house |
| [b]elopine[/b] | in her opinion |
| [b]il agir sakonvinke[/b] | he acted according to his conviction |
| [b]navola decidos[/b] | our free-will decisions |
</WRAP>

<WRAP column 35%>
| [b]savole[/b] | of his (own) free will |
| [b]zaopine[/b] | in their opinion |
| [b]zamode[/b] | after their manner |
| [b]maelte[/b] | on my part, from me,\\ on my behalf |
</WRAP>

<WRAP clear></WRAP>


==== IMPERSONAL PRONOUN ====

The English impersonal pronoun “[i]it[/i], [i]this[/i], [i]that[/i]” (in Neo [b]eto[/b] or [b]it[/b]) is often dropped in Neo:

| [b]ar nil vik[/b] | it has no importance |
| [b]me tote egala[/b] | it is all the same to me |
| [b]me parar strana[/b] | it seems strange to me |
| [b]nesar agi[/b] | it is necessary to act |
| [b]sar perfa![/b] | that is all right! |
| [b]par oxi![/b] | this may happen! |
| [b]far bela oje[/b] | it is fine weather to-day |

But this pronoun may not be dropped when used as object or interrogatively:

| [b]Mi trar eto tote bona[/b] | I find this quite good |
| [b]Libar vu it?[/b] | Do you like it? |
| [b]Sar it posibla?[/b] | Is it possible? |

Still, you may say:
| [b]Sar ve egala es…?[/b] | Do you mind if…? |
Because such a useful question cannot be confused for the statement.


[b]Il[/b], [b]el[/b], [b]it[/b], [b]zi[/b], [b]zel[/b] mean also “[i]the one[/i]”, “[i]those[/i]”

| [b]il ki venar[/b] | the one who is coming |
| [b]el ke tu amar[/b] | she whom you love |
| [b]zi ki kantir yerser[/b] | those who sang yesterday evening |
| [b]it ke vu bildir[/b] | the one you built |

The pronoun [b]zi[/b] has one rather special form [b]ziel[/b] to denote a couple ([i]m[/i], [i]f[/i]) or a mixed-sex group.


==== EXERCISE ====

| [b]Mi te vidar, tu no me vidar.[/b] | I see you, you don’t see me. |
| [b]Var vu exi kon mi?[/b] | Will you go out with me? |
| [b]Il dicar el no venor.[/b] | He says she will not come. |
| [b]Mi te dor pan, tu me dor vin.[/b] | I’ll give you bread, you’ll give mе wine. |
| [b]Vo ta dom? Em lo ma.[/b] | Where is your house? Here is mine. |
| [b]Va kamos plu grana qam nas.[/b] | Your rooms are larger than ours. |
| [b]Ma dom plu leta qam ta.[/b] | My house is smaller than yours. |
| [b]Mi no spar pri ko tu parlar.[/b] | I don’t know what you are speaking about. |
| [b]Il parlar pril yera axident.[/b] | He is talking about yesterday’s accident. |
| [b]El sem dicar to a sa matro.[/b] | She always says everything to her mother. |
| [b]Nos exor kon zi krasmatin.[/b] | We’ll go out with them to-morrow morning. |
| [b]Lo vir ki venir e ke tu no libar.[/b] | The man who came and whom you don’t like. |
| [b]Mi vur spi kia et bel dom.[/b] | I would like to know to whom this beautiful house belongs. |
| [b]Sar forse lo del derker.[/b] | It is perhaps the director’s. |
| [b]Mi no spar lo ke tu var fi.[/b] | I don’t know what you want to do. |
| [b]Ken inkontrir tu etmatin?[/b] | Whom did you meet this morning? |
| [b]Lo dam dey filyo tu konar.[/b] | The lady whose son you know. |
| [b]Par mi ti ma libros in ta kam?[/b] | May I put my books in your room? |
| [b]Ya, mo no tiu lo tas nir lo mas.[/b] | Yes, but do not put yours near mine. |
| [b]Yer mi te vidir kon ta frat.[/b] | I saw you yesterday with your brother. |
| [b]Yer fir bela, mo oje pluvar.[/b] | Yesterday it was fine, but to-day it is raining. |
| [b]No me vikar resti domye oje.[/b] | I don’t mind staying home to-day. |


~~NOTOC~~