Neo IAL

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THE VERB i (to have) is conjugated as follows (same form for all persons):

<div class="table sectionedit1"><table class="inline">
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		<td class="col0"> Present </td><td class="col1"> ar </td><td class="col2"> have, has </td><td class="col3"> mi (tu, il, nos, vu, zi) ar </td><td class="col4"> I (you) have, he has </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> Past tense, Imperfect </td><td class="col1"> ir </td><td class="col2"> had </td><td class="col3"> mi (tu, il, nos, vu, zi) ir </td><td class="col4"> I (you, he, we) had </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"> Future </td><td class="col1"> or </td><td class="col2"> will (shall) have </td><td class="col3"> mi (tu, il, nos, vu, zi) or </td><td class="col4"> I shall have, you will have </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> Conditional(1) </td><td class="col1"> ur </td><td class="col2"> would (should) </td><td class="col3"> mi (tu, il, nos, vu, zi) ur </td><td class="col4"> I should have, you would have </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row4">
		<td class="col0"> Imperative, Subjunctive </td><td class="col1"> iu(2) </td><td class="leftalign"> </td><td class="col3"> Iu duldo! </td><td class="col4"> have patience! </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row5">
		<td class="col0"> Past participle </td><td class="col1"> at </td><td class="col2"> had </td><td class="col3"> mi ar at </td><td class="col4"> I have had </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row6">
		<td class="col0" rowspan="2"> Present participle </td><td class="col1"> ande </td><td class="col2" rowspan="2"> having </td><td class="leftalign" rowspan="2"> </td><td class="leftalign" rowspan="2"> </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row7">
		<td class="col0"> adj.: anda </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row8">
		<td class="col0" rowspan="2"> Compound participle </td><td class="col1"> inde </td><td class="col2" rowspan="2"> having had </td><td class="leftalign" rowspan="2"> </td><td class="leftalign" rowspan="2"> </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row9">
		<td class="col0"> adj.: inda </td>
	</tr>
</table>
 
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(1) The conditional tense may be ignored by beginners and by people who don’t use this tense in their mother tongue.

(2) pronunciation: i-u

This verb i is the pattern and ending FOR ALL OTHER VERBS (every verb consists of a stem, suffixed by one of the eight forms of the verb i): si to be; mi sar I am; il sir he was; nos sor we shall be; sat been; fi to do; tu far you do; vu fir you did; el fur she would do; fande doing; vidi to see; il vidar he sees; vu vidor you will see; mi ar vidat I have seen; promeni to walk; zi promenir they walked; el ar promenat she has walked.

The Imperative-Subjunctive of polysyllabic verbs ends with u instead of iu: Miru et fem! Look at this woman!; Nos promenu um lo kastel! Let us walk around the castle!

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<h3>ACTIVE COMPOUND VERBS</h3>
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ACTIVE COMPOUND VERBS are as in English: mi ar sat I have been; vu ar fat you have done; nos ar vidat we have seen; el ir promenat she had walked; vu ur pensat you would have thought; zi or endat they will have finished.

This “occidental” construction may be replaced by the Esperanto suffix inta, modified in Neo into inda (with auxiliary verb si, to be): mi sinda I have been; vu sir sinda you had been; zi sor vidinda they will have seen; vu finda you have done; nos vidinda we have seen; el sir promeninda she had walked; vu sur pensinda you would have thought; zi sor endinda they will have finished.

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<h3>PASSIVE VERBS</h3>
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PASSIVE VERBS (auxiliary verb si): mi (sar) batat I am beaten; zi sir batat they were beaten; nos sur batat we should be beaten; vu sor batat you will be beaten; zi sir vidat pe mulunos they were seen by many people.

This construction may be replaced by the verbal suffix at: mi batatar I am beaten; zi batatir they were beaten; nos batatur we should be beaten; vu batator you will be beaten; zi vidatir pe mulunos they were seen by many people; il shar si batat he ought to be beaten.

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<h3>REFLEXIVE VERBS</h3>
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REFLEXIVE VERBS as in English: mi me mirar I look at myself; il se vunar he injures himself; il se kontredicar he contradicts himself.

This construction may be replaced by the verbal suffix is: mi mirisar I look at myself; il vunisar he injures himself; il kontredicisar he contradicts himself.

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<h3>RECIPROCAL VERBS</h3>
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RECIPROCAL VERBS are conjugated with the verbal suffix uc: nos amucar we love each other; zi kontinue ofenducar they continuously offend each other; Amucu e vu sor ixa! Love each other and will be happy!

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<h3>SOME VERBAL EXPRESSIONS</h3>
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SOME VERBAL EXPRESSIONS: in the PRESENT, the verb si (to be) is frequently omitted: il bona he (is) good; tu un boy kleva you (are) a clever boy; mi parlanda I (am) talking;

nos sir ludanda we were playing; van il venir, mi sir lejanda when he came, I was reading;

mi ju fartor I am going to leave; nos ju arivor we are going to arrive; il ju arivar he is just arriving; nos ju udir we have just heard; no sir ju udat we had just heard;

et dom lukenda this house is to let; et kont verifikenda this account has to be verified (checked, audited); yen muzeo videnda that museum is worth seeing; ye mul rimarkenda kozos there are many remarkable things.

IMPORTANT NOTE. – This use may be extended to other tenses when the sentence contains an adverb that locates the time of the action:

Mi yer Parisye – I was in Paris yesterday

Nos sun Londonye – We’ll soon be in London

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<h3>EXERCISE</h3>
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<div class="table sectionedit2"><table class="inline">
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		<td class="col0"> Dun tu dansar, mi labror. </td><td class="col1"> While you dance, I work. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> Asku, so te dor. </td><td class="col1"> Ask, it will be given to you. </td>
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		<td class="col0"> Mi vendar e tu kofar. </td><td class="col1"> I sell and you buy. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> El no bela, mo muy kleva. </td><td class="col1"> She is not handsome, but very intelligent. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row4">
		<td class="col0"> Dezur vu traveli etsize? </td><td class="col1"> Would you like to travel in this season? </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row5">
		<td class="col0"> Il lektar entide. </td><td class="col1"> He reads all day long. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row6">
		<td class="col0"> Kan kostar et cap? </td><td class="col1"> How much does this hat cost? </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row7">
		<td class="col0"> Ka lo presyo d’et cap? </td><td class="col1"> What is thе price of this hat? </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row8">
		<td class="col0"> Eto no muy cipa. </td><td class="col1"> This is not very cheap. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row9">
		<td class="col0"> Mi korespondar kon un Angla. </td><td class="col1"> I correspond with an Englishman. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row10">
		<td class="col0"> Mi lu skribar, il me rispar. </td><td class="col1"> I write him, he replies to me. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row11">
		<td class="col0"> Ju pluvor, dete mi no exar. </td><td class="col1"> It is going to rain, that is why I don’t go out. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row12">
		<td class="col0"> Il ju venir da London e me aportir un bel libro. </td><td class="col1"> He has just come from London and brought me a beautiful book. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row13">
		<td class="col0"> Mi sem pensar a el, mo el me oblinda. </td><td class="col1"> I always think of her, but she has forgotten me. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row14">
		<td class="col0"> Shendande dal tren, il kadir e vunisir. </td><td class="col1"> Stepping out of the train, he fell and injured himself. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row15">
		<td class="col0"> Si o no si, em lo qestyon. </td><td class="col1"> To be or not to be, that is the question. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row16">
		<td class="col0"> Mi krar, tu me mokar. </td><td class="col1"> I believe, you are pulling my leg. </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row17">
		<td class="col0"> Mi nur plezantar. </td><td class="col1"> I am only joking. </td>
	</tr>
</table>
 
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<h3>MONOSYLLABIC VERBS</h3>
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The following monosyllabic verbs are the contractions of the forms in brackets:

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<div class="table sectionedit3"><table class="inline">
	<tr class="row0">
		<td class="col0"> i </td><td class="col1"> avi </td><td class="col2"> to have </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> bi </td><td class="col1"> bevi </td><td class="col2"> to drink </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"> di </td><td class="col1"> doni </td><td class="col2"> to give </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> fi </td><td class="col1"> fari </td><td class="col2"> to do, to make </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row4">
		<td class="col0"> fli </td><td class="col1"> flugi </td><td class="col2"> to fly </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row5">
		<td class="col0"> gi </td><td class="col1"> igi </td><td class="col2"> to go </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row6">
		<td class="col0"> ji </td><td class="col1"> iji </td><td class="col2"> to become </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row7">
		<td class="col0"> kri </td><td class="col1"> kredi </td><td class="col2"> to believe </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row8">
		<td class="col0"> li </td><td class="col1"> lati </td><td class="col2"> to leave, to let </td>
	</tr>
</table>
 
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&lt;/WRAP>

&lt;WRAP column 45%>

<div class="table sectionedit4"><table class="inline">
	<tr class="row0">
		<td class="col0"> pi </td><td class="col1"> posi </td><td class="col2"> to be able </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> pli </td><td class="col1"> plazi </td><td class="col2"> to please </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"> si </td><td class="col1"> esi </td><td class="col2"> to be </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> shi </td><td class="col1"> shali </td><td class="col2"> to have to </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row4">
		<td class="col0"> spi </td><td class="col1"> sapi </td><td class="col2"> to know </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row5">
		<td class="col0"> sti </td><td class="col1"> esti </td><td class="col2"> to stay, to be </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row6">
		<td class="col0"> ti </td><td class="col1"> meti </td><td class="col2"> to put </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row7">
		<td class="col0"> tri </td><td class="col1"> trovi </td><td class="col2"> to find </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row8">
		<td class="col0"> vi </td><td class="col1"> voli </td><td class="col2"> to wish, to will </td>
	</tr>
</table>
 
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&lt;/WRAP>

&lt;WRAP clear>&lt;/WRAP>

Both forms have exactly the same meaning; one may therefore optionally use one or the other, according to one’s taste or the feeling.

Thus, you can choose either form: l’aglo flar or l’aglo flugar (the eagle flies);

mi no par fi eto or mi no posar fi eto or mi no par fari eto or mi no posar fari eto (I can’t do this).

It is suggested to use the disyllabic (two syllable) form of these verbs except for the auxiliary verb i, when addressing people in an international meeting, in which case it is also necessary (whichever language used) to speak slowly, in order to make understanding easier.

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<h3>Compound infinitive verb.</h3>
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We wish to point out the equivalence of following verbal forms:

<div class="table sectionedit5"><table class="inline">
	<tr class="row0">
		<td class="col0"> vidandi </td><td class="col1"> = si vidanda </td><td class="col2"> to be seeing </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row1">
		<td class="col0"> vidindi </td><td class="col1"> = si vidinda ( = i vidat) </td><td class="col2"> to have seen </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row2">
		<td class="col0"> vidondi </td><td class="col1"> = si vidonda </td><td class="col2"> to will have seen </td>
	</tr>
	<tr class="row3">
		<td class="col0"> vidati </td><td class="col1"> = si vidat </td><td class="col2"> to be seen </td>
	</tr>
</table>
 
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~ ~ NOTOC~ ~

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